An examination of the clarity of computerized cognitive training: Effect of instructions' presentation mode on intrapsychic factors

This study investigates how the clarity and presentation of instructions for computerized cognitive training (CCT) serious games influence acceptance among older adults (65+, no known cognitive impairments). In a within-subjects design, 128 participants (mean age 71.5, 70% female) were exposed to two instruction types: with visual cues and without. Surprisingly, instructions without salient visual cues were more acceptable for a complex functional game, suggesting a preference for reduced cognitive load. The study also found that individuals with lower confidence in their cognitive abilities were less receptive to cognitive training, except when the game was highly familiar. Self-efficacy played a subtle but significant role, with higher cognitive self-confidence associated with greater acceptability. These findings point to the importance of tailoring instruction presentation to user characteristics and highlight the role of metacognition in engagement with technology-based cognitive interventions. The authors recommend simple, personalized instructions to improve acceptance and support the development of customized CCT for older populations.